Pelvic inflammation disease (PID) is defined as condition caused by inflammation or infection of the female uterus, fallopian tubes, and/or ovaries as a result of scars and adhesion in the pelvic which in turn may prevent the implantation of egg during natural pregnancy process. It affects over 1 million women in U.S. every month and most of them are in their teen and twenties and over 100,000 women become infertile in the US alone each year.
II. Types of pelvic inflammation diseases (PID)
III. Symptoms of (PID)
1. Fever
Due to infection or inflammation of the pelvic region.
2. Cervical motion tenderness
Caused by swelling of cervical inflammation area as a immune system reaction.
3. Lower abdominal pain
It is caused by sexual transmitted diseases Chlamydia pneumoniae that infect the pelvic tissues and immune responds.
4. Abnormal discharge
Due to immune system in fighting the bacteria to protect the pelvic tissues.
5. Painful intercourse
As a result of an infected tissue has been damaged.
6. Irregular menstrual bleeding
Caused by bleeding of the infected area.
III. Causes of PID
1. Sexual transmitted diseases
Chlamydia is also known as Chlamydia pneumoniae, it is a type of organism causes sexual transmitting disease leading to infertility. In women, it may damage the Fallopian tube leading to infertility. Sexual transmitted disease happens most often to sexual active women with several partners and without understanding much of the partner's health condition. The diseases can also transmit through sexual intercourse without the use of a barrier device such as condom. Chlamydia can live in the body for months and years without causing any symptoms, but when it strikes the symptoms include
a) Pain or burning when urinating
b) Abnormal vaginal discharge
c) Bleeding between periods
d) Pain during sexual intercourse as we mentioned above.
2. Virus
It may be caused human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
3. Fungi
It is caused by infection, low levels of estrogen or allergy leading to abnormal vagina discharge. In case of frequent vaginitis, it is caused by women who is taking birth control pills, or taking antibiotics, as antibiotics kill bacteria leading to uncontrolled yeast growth). Fungi is also can be contracted through sexual intercourse.
4. Parasitic
PID is caused by a tiny parasite, known as trichomonas vaginalis.
5. Bacterial infections
Bacteria (germs) get into a woman’s internal reproductive organs such as douching or when the cervix is opened due to menstruation or ovulation for sperm invasion.
6. Surgery
Surgeries such as C section, abortion, childbirth or insertion of an IUD may cause bacteria getting into the pelvic region, leading to infection resulting in scars in the region.
7. Cervicitis
Cervicitis is defined as a medical condition caused by inflammation or infection to the cervix leading to abnormal production of cervical mucus and increasing the risk of infertility
IV. Effects of PID
1. Chronic pelvic pain
Pelvic inflammatory disease often causes pelvic pain, it can lead to chronic pelvic pain if left untreated for too long as a result of scar building up in the pelvic region.
2. Infertility
If the scar covers a large portion of the uterus that disrupts the chance of egg to implant in the uterus or blocks the Fallopian tube, the fertilization can not travel down to the uterus for implantation.
3. Ectopic pregnancy
As a result of the end of Follopian tube that connect to the ovaries become partially or completely blocked due to forming of scars after infection.
V. Treatment of PID in conventional medicine perspective
PID have to be cured early by antibiotics, otherwise it may cause forming of large scars in the pelvic region, leading to blockage at the end of Fallopian tube and affect the uterus in egg implantation thus affecting fertility.
VI. Summary
1. PID can be prevented if a woman
a) Use condom for an causal sex partner
b) Abstain from sexual intercourse
c) Avoid douching
2. Early treatment
An active sexual life women must check with her doctor, if some of above symptoms is found.
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