I. definition
These are congenital birth defect conditions, where the opening of the penis is either on the under side or upper side of the penis, leading ejaculation malfunction.
II. Causes
1. Medication
Medication antihistamine loratadine is taken early in pregnancy might cause hypospadias.
2. Occupation
Certain occupation where the mother exposed to certain chemical may disrupt the endocrine system, leading to prevalence of hypospadias to their offspring.
3, Bladder problem
Epispadias may be caused by bladder fissure extending into the urethra and becoming an opening in the upper surface of the penis.
II. How conventional surgery helps to treat hypospadias and epispadias
These types of condition can be reversed by surgery.
1. Hypospadias surgery
In males with hypospadias, one surgery usually is sufficient to repair the defect. By using the a flap of skin to construct or extend the urethra, your doctor creates a new opening and the opening is closed.
2. Epispadias surgery
Repairing an epispadias epispadias is normally done in the early childhood with penile straightening by resection of the chordee and creation of a new penis penning with caliber and urethroplasty to prevent any probe when the penis is erected surgery for these defects is successful 70 to 80% of the time.
IV. Risks
Surgical risks, since surgery is required.
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